How is a "loose" surface identified?

A "loose" surface is identified by signs of deterioration or damage. This typically means that the surface is not securely adhered to the substrate beneath it, which can manifest as peeling, flaking, or otherwise unstable conditions. When a surface is loose, it is often classified as a potential risk for lead exposure, especially in older buildings where lead-based paints were commonly used. Deterioration can occur due to moisture, wear and tear, or other environmental factors, leading to the compromised integrity of the paint or coating. Recognizing these signs is critical for assessing risks of lead hazards and determining appropriate remediation approaches.

In contrast, the other options relate to surface conditions that do not indicate looseness. For instance, an intact surface or one that shows no visible chipping may appear stable and well-maintained, while a newly painted surface is often presumed to have a secure adherence unless other deterioration signs develop later. Therefore, focusing on the physical condition that directly indicates instability is crucial in identifying loose surfaces effectively.